A Mixed Methods Model of Scale Development and Validation Analysis

Using mixed methods to develop new scales is not a new idea since the 2000s. However, there exists inadequate literature that discusses scale development using mixed methods, with steps including how to design the study, how to implement the process, and how to conduct validation. This study proposes a hands-on model of using mixed methods to develop new scales and using multiple approaches to conduct validation analysis. The proposed model consists of five steps that highlight both mixed methods’ integration techniques and psychometric methods. The model of scale development and validation analysis is practical and useful for researchers who desire to develop a reliable scale.